{"id":20656,"date":"2024-12-21T08:21:35","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T08:21:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/project-delivery\/"},"modified":"2024-12-21T15:11:53","modified_gmt":"2024-12-21T15:11:53","slug":"project-delivery","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/project-delivery\/?lang=en","title":{"rendered":"PROJECT DELIVERY"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"20656\" class=\"elementor elementor-20656\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-774476b elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-middle elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"774476b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73146f8\" data-id=\"73146f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18c0223 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"18c0223\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROJECT DELIVERY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d557615 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-content-middle elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"d557615\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f9a999\" data-id=\"7f9a999\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bf2d8e2 elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bf2d8e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROJECT\nDELIVERY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8393a3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8393a3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d68a16e\" data-id=\"d68a16e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-246dc85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"246dc85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PROJECT DELIVERY<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f4bf5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5f4bf5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Architecture is a project-based endeavor,\nand architectural practice centers on\nproject delivery. Project delivery methods\nchange in response to economic trends,\nenvironmental concerns, and technological\nadvances. Skill in project management and\nleadership increases in importance as\nprojects become more complex and more\nintegrated. Research in practice, quality\nmanagement, use of technology, and\nunderstanding of the regulatory\nenvironment are ways in which architects\nmanage complexity and improve\neffectiveness.<\/p>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6508db elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6508db\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0e7afb7\" data-id=\"0e7afb7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c627ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8c627ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#818a91;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#818a91;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:right;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\tDesign Project\nDelivery\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ab7dba6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ab7dba6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tProject Delivery Methods\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-225c9d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"225c9d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe organization, strategy, and responsibilities of the key players in the building\nprocess\u2014including the owner, architect, and contractor\u2014comprise the project\ndelivery method for the project. Multiple models are available, and can be\nchosen based on which project variables\u2014cost, schedule, building quality, risks,\nand capabilities\u2014are driving the project.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b5b01ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b5b01ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tINTRODUCTION\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5f26d9a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5f26d9a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA completed building results from a complex sequence of decisions made by the many\nparticipants in the design and construction process. For a project to run smoothly,\nsomeone must defi ne responsibilities, organize and integrate the work of the participants,\nand manage the process by which the project is developed and delivered to the\nowner. The architect, who is deeply involved in most projects from inception to completion,\nmay assume this role as the fi rst construction professional hired by the owner,\nalthough this position is increasingly being assumed by construction managers and\nadvisors. Nonetheless, the owner relies on the architect\u2019s expertise about delivery decisions,\nand the architect should help to determine which delivery method best suits the\nowner\u2019s needs. Since the project delivery model can dramatically affect the results of a\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c8ff43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7c8ff43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPhillip G. Bernstein is vice president for strategic industry relations of Autodesk Inc. and a\nformer principal with Pelli Clarke Pelli Architects. Bernstein teaches at the Yale School of\nArchitecture and lectures and writes extensively on project delivery and technology issues. He\nis former chair of the AIA Contract Documents Committee.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fed207 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fed207\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tbuilding project, an understanding of delivery approach options is central to the successful\npractice of architecture.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8eb3fa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8eb3fa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMost delivery methods have evolved primarily in response to different roles assumed\nby the entity that constructs a building and the relationship of that entity to the architect.\nThe roles and responsibilities of this player, variously known as the \u201ccontractor,\u201d the\n\u201cGC,\u201d the \u201cconstruction manager,\u201d or the \u201cdesign-builder,\u201d can vary greatly in different\ndelivery methods, and the information provided by the design team must be calibrated\naccordingly. In most variations of project delivery models, the roles and responsibilities\nof the architect are similar, but the participation of the builder varies greatly.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fb07e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fb07e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tUp through the late 1970s, most projects were built under what was then known\nas a \u201ctraditional\u201d delivery approach. Now termed as \u201cdesign-bid-build,\u201d this approach\nassigns each player a clear, well-defi ned role. The owner hires and pays the architect to\nprovide design services; the architect develops and places a set of contract documents\ninto the construction marketplace for competitive bid; the general contractor assembles\na collection of sub-trades and submitted bids for the project; and, in most cases,\nthe lowest general contractor bidder is awarded the project. The contract for construction\nbetween the owner and the contractor incorporates the architect\u2019s construction\ndocuments (including the drawings and specifi cations) plus an agreement to build the\ndesign for the bid price, which is the basis for the contractor\u2019s selection.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b24dc5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b24dc5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tVariations in project delivery approaches in the design and construction industry\nappeared in response to the desire by owners to optimize specifi c outcomes beyond\nlowest fi rst cost. For example, the high cost of borrowed money during the credit\ncrunch of the late 1970s accelerated typical construction schedules, catalyzed the creation\nof construction management, and gave rise to the increased use of fast-tracked\nschedules. The need for speedier project completion required not a single construction\nsequence but multiple individual packages that were bid as their design was completed,\nresulting in the asynchronous construction of individual project pieces in the field. In\nresponse, some general contractors marketed their services as \u201cconstruction managers\u201d\nadept at controlling these complex projects.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a71ee25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a71ee25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe liability crisis of the 1980s\u2014characterized by an explosion of lawsuits\u2014pushed\narchitects further from job site responsibilities and pressed new risks on contractors,\nwho in most cases were willing to assume such responsibilities in exchange for everlarger\npieces of the overall design-construction fee. As projects became more complex\nand failures became more dangerous and expensive, owners needed in-depth construction\nadvice during design that architects were unwilling or hesitant to provide. Frequent\nand acrimonious disputes between architects and contractors, often fought out\nin court, led owners to consolidate design and construction responsibilities under a\nsingle entity. Large construction projects like hospital and airport renovations, which\nneeded to operate during construction, required sophisticated management and construction\nplanning beyond the capabilities or interests of architects and created new\nroles for professional program managers.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f57f59a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f57f59a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe building enterprise has evolved to include an even broader set of constraints\nand expectations that involve increasingly complex building forms, prefabricated construction\nsubassemblies like curtain walls, integrated building control systems, and\nrapidly accelerating requirements for sustainable design. Building professionals have\nalso realized that, despite extensive experimentation with delivery approaches, the outcomes\nof most construction projects remain unpredictable at best, and that traditional\nroles and responsibilities of the players bear further scrutiny. A new class of delivery\nmodels known today as \u201cintegrated project delivery\u201d has emerged, which posits closer\ncollaboration and open sharing of information between the key constituents of the\nbuilding enterprise, underpinned by the power of Internet-based digital design information\nand technology that uses \u201cbuilding information modeling.\u201d\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1d83126 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1d83126\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAll in all, projects are ever faster, riskier, and involve far more participants than\nthose of even 20 years ago. Choosing an appropriate delivery model is often the key to\nsuccess\u2014or the source of failure.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f78036d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f78036d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f203df0\" data-id=\"f203df0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-166d602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"166d602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPLAYERS IN THE PROJECT DELIVERY PROCESS\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25a6e89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"25a6e89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRegardless of how they are structured, all delivery methods involve three elemental\nparties: owner, architect, and contractor. Their discrete roles, expertise, and expectations\nare described in Figure 9.1.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fa3686 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6fa3686\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Owner\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b072a3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b072a3f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe owner (or client) initiating a building enterprise is usually the eventual owner\nor operator of the finished building. The owner can be an individual, organization,\nor other entity that has initiated a design project. For purposes of understanding\ndelivery methods, the owner is the entity that holds one or more contracts with\nthe architect and contractor and is responsible for making payment to these participants.\nThe owner is also responsible for paying for the construction of the\nbuilding.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-99ff79c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"99ff79c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAn owner\u2019s expertise in design and construction can vary widely, usually in proportion\nto the breadth and complexity of projects the individual or company has undertaken.\nOwners generally have similarly broad expectations of the other players in the\nprocess.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-429bf55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"429bf55\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Architect\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d2c5ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d2c5ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe architect is the licensed design professional who, acting as an agent for the owner\nby providing architectural expertise, generates a design concept for the project. While\nthe specifi c role of the architect varies greatly according to delivery method, it is the\narchitect who designs, documents, and administers the contract(s) for construction of\nthe project. The \u201carchitect\u201d can be an individual or a fi rm and may contract with consultants\nsuch as engineers who augment and support the design effort. In all delivery\nmethods, the architect generates documents that describe the design intent. The contractor\nuses these documents to build the building.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5c0504a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5c0504a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc947f4\" data-id=\"cc947f4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96833a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"96833a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"DRAWINGS 9.1-04\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA2ODQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9mdXR1cmVjaXR5LmlyXC9wdWJsaWNfaHRtbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMTJcL0RSQVdJTkdTLTkuMS0wNC5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3509\" height=\"2481\" src=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04.png 3509w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-04-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3509px) 100vw, 3509px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fb8025 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fb8025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFIGURE 9.1 Relationships of Project Participants\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c1e4198 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c1e4198\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b41da04\" data-id=\"b41da04\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c70a0b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c70a0b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Design Team Consultants<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95a49c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95a49c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhile architects are broadly experienced in the various subdisciplines necessary to complete\na project, they typically contract with a wide array of specialty engineers and other\nconsultants, depending on the scope of the project. On all but the most straightforward\nprojects (like small private residences) the architect will subcontract responsibilities for\nstructural and mechanical\/electrical\/plumbing engineering, and may require other services\nfrom additional engineers (such as geotechnical engineering) or special consultants\n(such as lighting, acoustics, or code\/life safety for complex projects). In addition, the owner\nmay bring specifi c consultants to a project to augment the overall project team, most commonly\nconstructability assistance by construction managers, attorneys, or other consultants.\nIt is important to understand and defi ne the role of every consultant on a project.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b5e996 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0b5e996\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The Contractor<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc18f0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cc18f0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe contractor is responsible for the actual construction of the project. Typically\nknown as the \u201ccontractor\u201d or \u201cgeneral contractor,\u201d the contractor\u2019s team may include\na variety of subcontractors, suppliers, and fabricators who together execute the design\nintent of the architect\u2019s documents. The contractor typically agrees, at a prearranged\npoint in the design process, to construct the project for an agreed-upon sum. The\ndetermination of that moment and the resulting responsibilities of the contractor is\none of the key differentiators of various delivery methods.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edadad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8edadad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Subcontractors, Fabricators, and Suppliers<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d5155b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d5155b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLike the architect, the contractor requires an array of subcontractors to complete a\nbuilding project. Since most contractors do not self-perform the vast majority of the\nwork, they contract with (thus the term \u201ccontractor\u201d) necessary companies, tradespersons,\nsuppliers, and fabricators that are then coordinated by the contractor to achieve\nthe built project. Typical subcontractors might include structural steel assembly, sheet\nmetal and systems installers, curtain wall suppliers\/installers, sheetrock and interior\nfi nishes subcontractors, and electrical subcontractors. Larger projects can have tens or,\nin the largest project, hundreds of such participants.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-387f198 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"387f198\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOther Participants\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e00938 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2e00938\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlthough different in each project, other key players in the process must have explicit\nrelationships to project. Regulatory agencies (like building or zoning offi cials), external\nconstituents (like local property owners), lending entities (like banks), and even local\ncommunity groups may affect the project and should be understood in the context of\nthe overall project structure. And while having no defi ned role in a project structure,\nthe architect\u2019s obligation to protect the public\u2019s health and safety makes all users of a\nproject\u2014whether affi liated with the client or just walking through the halls\u2014an\nimplicit \u201cclient\u201d of the job.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1212389 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1212389\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPROGRAM\nMANAGEMENT\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50a3fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50a3fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSome large, complex projects\nhave multiple building elements\nand complicated sequencing.\nOne example is construction of a\nnew airport terminal, with\nassociated roadways, garages,\nand airfi eld, adjacent to existing\nfacilities that must be kept in\ncontinuous operation. For such\nprojects, an owner may elect to\nhire a \u201cprogram manager\u201d to\noversee and coordinate the\nproject. Program managers\nsupport the owner\u2019s interests and,\nfor all practical purposes, are the\nowner in some cases. Such\nservices are usually provided by\nlarge construction management\nentities; however, some architects\nhave now begun to provide\nprogram management services.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f05b6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f05b6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKEY VARIABLES AFFECTING DELIVERY CHOICE\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3f9d891 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3f9d891\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnce only the cost of construction drove the delivery approach of every project: With\nlittle exception, the contractor submitting the lowest bid was selected. Other methods\nhave emerged to optimize, other key variables to drive the selection of a delivery\napproach. These include construction cost, schedule, quality, risk, and owner capabilities.\nA correlation of driving selection factors for various delivery methods can be found\nin Figure 9.2.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e52c000 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e52c000\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstruction Cost\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ae10bb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ae10bb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAs the owner\u2019s greatest fi nancial obligation for a project, construction cost is frequently\nthe central concern of design and construction. Buildings are very expensive, and\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b01fcc3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b01fcc3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8d1d32d\" data-id=\"8d1d32d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8067be elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c8067be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"DRAWINGS 9.1-05\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA2ODYsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9mdXR1cmVjaXR5LmlyXC9wdWJsaWNfaHRtbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMTJcL0RSQVdJTkdTLTkuMS0wNS5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3509\" height=\"2481\" src=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05.png 3509w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-05-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3509px) 100vw, 3509px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4d17e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c4d17e3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFIGURE 9.2 Characteristics of Project Delivery Methods\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-14bc042 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"14bc042\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-305cf2e\" data-id=\"305cf2e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aad4e44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aad4e44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\towners rarely have infi nite funds with which to pay for them. Fixed budgets create clear\nand defi nite obligations for the architect and the contractor. Meeting those budgets is\na high priority for every member of the project team.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bf74a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5bf74a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSchedule\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e76ade2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e76ade2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMost projects include a time frame in which the project must be complete and ready\nto occupy. When a building\u2019s primary function is critical to an owner\u2019s mission, meeting\na precise schedule may be the most important consideration in determining how a\nproject will be built. Examples of such situations include academic projects, which must\nbe synchronized with the academic calendar, or performing arts centers that schedule\nevents years in advance. Schedule compliance (and acceleration) is critical when interest\nrates are very high and capital for building is scarce, as even small delays raise the\ncost of construction fi nancing dramatically. Orchestrating the design process with a\nspecifi c schedule may include not just meeting a fi nal deadline but also choreographing\ndesign deliverables with intermediate approvals and construction milestones.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6eb3c7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6eb3c7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Building Quality<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39093f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39093f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe demand for particular standards of performance in systems, fi nishes, enclosures, and\nother building elements is directly related to decisions about schedule and construction\ncost. The architect typically establishes a clear relationship between a project\u2019s level of\nquality, budget, and program, where an increase in one parameter may imply a change\nin another. An owner may be willing to accept lower levels of quality to save construction\ncost or to allow a project to be completed in a shorter period of time. Conversely, projects\nwith long anticipated life spans (e.g., civic or institutional buildings) may emphasize\nlevels of quality for which construction costs and schedules must be calibrated accordingly.\nSustainable design considerations\u2014a building\u2019s relationship to the environment,\nparticularly its long-term use of energy and indoor environmental performance\u2014are a\nsignifi cant component of its planned quality. Establishing a common understanding\namong project participants about all such levels of quality is critical to successful delivery.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d8cde3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4d8cde3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Project Scope<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-03c4aee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"03c4aee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRarely is the project scope completely understood or precisely fi xed during the course\nof a project. A building\u2019s characteristics are never completely resolved until its completion. Until that time, its scope\u2014the combined characteristics of size and\nquality\u2014may be indeterminate and the services provided by the architect must\nacknowledge this inherent ambiguity. The project\u2019s scope is successively refi ned during\ndesign, and subsequently during preparation of shop drawings and then in actual construction.\nChanging conditions, usually comprised of changing owner demands, market\nconditions for materials and construction trades, and even unexpected site or existing\nconditions on the project site, will affect the project scope as it unfolds. Delivery\nmodels should explicitly acknowledge the relative fi xity of the project scope.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd03056 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd03056\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRisk\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ec1c662 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ec1c662\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRisk is perhaps the most intractable variable in the building process. Players in the\nproject make their best efforts to manage, reduce, or transfer their exposure to liability\nas the project unfolds. Key risk considerations include the following:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1294876 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1294876\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 For the owner: Can the project accomplish its goals within the constraints of time\nand budget? Does the owner have the capability to understand the project and support\nthe decisions necessary to complete it?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-188ed63 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"188ed63\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 For the architect and the architect\u2019s consultants: Can the project be accomplished within\nthe standard of care at an acceptable level of quality, within the owner\u2019s parameters,\nthe architect\u2019s own capabilities and skill, and the strictures of the fee?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9cb7a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9cb7a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 For the contractor and the contractor\u2019s subcontractors: Is it possible to complete the project\nwithin a contractually stipulated time frame and\/or cost, given market conditions,\navailability of subcontractors, and the contractor\u2019s experience and capabilities?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c957fb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c957fb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Client Capabilities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a2116af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a2116af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe internal capabilities of a client organization can signifi cantly affect the roles the\nclient, architect, and general contractor play. The degree to which design, documentation,\nconstruction administration, and management are outsourced, as well as the relative\nimportance that each team member plays, frequently depends on the strengths,\nweaknesses, and preconceived notions of the owner. Owners may have substantial construction\nexperience and in-house capabilities to understand and participate in a\nproject, or may be embarking on their very fi rst project as a client. Their preconceived\nnotions may also affect the roles and responsibilities of the project participants. Each\nhas a different relationship to delivery approach.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92b737 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f92b737\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Project Team Capabilities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1edc05b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1edc05b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tWhile any architect who participates in a project must meet the standard of care, levels\nof experience and capabilities of the team may vary by project type. Teams with greater\ndegrees of experience and confi dence in a particular type of project may be more comfortable\nwith more complex, aggressive, or experimental delivery models. Generally\nspeaking, teams with less experience should adhere to well-understood, standard models\nand associated typical contracts.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bd2c75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bd2c75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>METHODS OF PROJECT DELIVERY<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-df4aa5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"df4aa5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe relationships and responsibilities of the players and how they will share information,\ncombined with an explicit understanding of construction cost, schedule, level of\nquality, and resulting allocation of risk, together defi ne the project delivery method.\nThe characteristics that identify a delivery method can be defi ned by answering questions\nfor the following issues:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41eb2ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"41eb2ba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 Driving factor: What is the most important outcome driving the project for the\nowner\u2014cost, risk, quality, or schedule?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90227a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90227a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 Architect\u2019s role: What are the responsibilities of the architect, and how do these apply\nto each successive design and construction phase of the project?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e53d166 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e53d166\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 Contractor\u2019s role: Who is responsible for building the project, and when in the process\nis that player selected?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-541935c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"541935c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 Establishment of construction cost: When is the actual cost of construction defi nitively\nestablished contractually between the owner and the contractor?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ced9654 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ced9654\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 Number and type of design and construction contracts: How many individual contracts\nfor design and construction are necessary to accomplish the project?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fd9b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9fd9b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnswers to these key questions, combined with an explicit strategy about cost, quality,\nschedule, and risk, provide the information necessary to select and implement a\nproject delivery approach.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4531687 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4531687\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDelivery models are typically based on one of three typologies: design-bid-build,\nconstruction management, or design-build. A fourth typology, integrated project delivery,\nis now evolving and discussed elsewhere in the Handbook.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8800b1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8800b1f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Design-Bid-Build<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ad9eae2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ad9eae2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnce known as the traditional approach, this delivery method involves a linear design\nsequence that results in a set of construction contract documents against which contractors\nsubmit fi xed price bids. In design-bid-build approaches, the lowest-bidding\ncontractor whose proposal responds to the requirements of the contract documents is\nusually selected to build the project. Many projects in the United States are constructed\nunder this approach, and many of the business models that drive the construction\nindustry, including contracts, fees, and risk management strategies, are derived from\nthe design-bid-build method.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01f813e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"01f813e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA variation of design-bid-build is the \u201cnegotiated select team\u201d approach, in which\nthe contractor is selected early in the design process and certain contract terms (such\nas overhead and profi t multipliers) for the contractor are determined prior to completion\nof the construction documents. Subcontractors are then selected and the fi nal\ncontractor team is assembled once the construction documents are complete. The fi nal\ncontract amount for construction is determined based on the fi nal documents and\ncalculated using the pre-negotiated terms. Selected portions of the building that may\nbe particularly diffi cult to fabricate or construct may be accelerated under \u201cnegotiated\nselect team.\u201d\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4823250 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4823250\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAnother variation of design-bid-build method is known as \u201ccost plus fi xed fee.\u201d In\nthis approach the contractor is selected at the completion of contract documents, but\nthe scope of construction is unpredictable (due in part to unknown factors such as\nexisting conditions). Under a cost plus fi xed fee contract, the contractor is paid actual\nlabor and material costs plus overhead for construction for coordination of trades on\nthe site plus a fee that represents a fi xed amount of profi t that does not vary according\nto the total project cost, disconnecting the contractor\u2019s profi t from any increase in\nproject costs. Added incentives may be added to the fee if the project fi nishes early or\nunder the original budget.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e10e529 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e10e529\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Construction Management<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2855bd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2855bd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOwners have increasingly demanded detailed construction and technical advice earlier\nand earlier in the design process. The building community has accommodated this\nneed by creating the fi eld of construction management. The construction manager\n(CM) can play one of three roles:\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f40b62 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f40b62\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 CM Adviser: The CM as adviser acts only as a constructability and cost management\nconsultant to the owner during the design and construction process, but will not\nbuild the building. CM-adviser projects can be delivered under any of the methods\npreviously described.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38d4146 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38d4146\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 CM-Agent (CM-A): The CM as agent provides early consulting and may act on\nbehalf of the owner in assembling and coordinating the construction trades prior to\nand during construction. CM-agents typically provide their services for a fixed fee and assume no risk for the actual construction costs themselves but pass on both\nsavings and overruns directly to the owner.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af1bd18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"af1bd18\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2022 CM-Contractor (CM-C): The constructability and cost\nadviser role of the contractor during the project\u2019s design\nphase transitions at a predetermined moment to the\ntraditional role of design-bid-build contractor for the\nproject. CM methods of delivery frequently include the\nuse of a \u201cguaranteed maximum price,\u201d or \u201cGMP,\u201d which\nis a commitment by the CM-C to build the project for\na specifi ed price based on early design documents (typically\nthose available at the end of design development).\nThis places the CM-C at risk for the construction cost\nof the project. An inherent diffi culty in CM-C arrangements\nstems from the CM\u2019s dual role as contractor and\nestimator, as cost decisions made early in design directly\naffect the CM\u2019s cost (and profi tability) later in construction.\nOwners considering this approach should be aware\nof this fact.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee2470a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ee2470a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn general, the construction management industry\npresents itself to owners as an essential project contributor\nwhen complexity, schedule, or commitment to budget\nobjectives are critical. Because it is rare that one or more of\nthese issues are not important to a project\u2019s success, construction managers are involved\nin many large building projects. However, architects with suffi cient experience (and\nwillingness to expand their work) are increasingly offering construction management\nservices.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b6357f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b6357f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGUARANTEED MAXIMUM PRICE (GMP)\nAPPROACHES TO CONSTRUCTION\nMANAGEMENT\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-96f288b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"96f288b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn the past, the establishment of a guaranteed maximum\nprice (GMP) suggested a commitment by the owner and\nCM-contractor to a construction cost based on partially\ncomplete design documents. The price established was\nunderstood to account for the \u201crisk\u201d inherent in using\nthese documents. Many CM-based projects now invoke a\nGMP as an evolving cost target for the project but sustain\nit through the completion of construction to maintain\nfl exibility with the owner about the fi nal cost of a project.\nIt might be argued that a GMP, carefully developed and\nrefi ned based on construction documents, is actually a\n\u201chard bid.\u201d Care should be taken to understand and\ndefi ne this term when it is used to describe construction\ncost commitments after the design development phase.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9981f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a9981f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDESIGN SEQUENCE\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20afd21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"20afd21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe typical phasing of a design-to-build process includes\nstandard phases of design resulting in a single package\nof construction documents. The emergence of fast-tracked\nconstruction in the 1970s changed this approach. Most\nprojects today, however, are under signifi cant schedule\npressure, and the typical linearity of design phases\u2014SD,\nDD, CD\u2014is fast giving way to hybridized approaches\nwhere bid packages for individual building components\nare generated based on their schedule requirements or\nother market constraints. Irrespective of delivery model,\nprojects rarely operate in a strictly linear fashion. There\nis some speculation that, as integrated project delivery\nmethods and digital design technology become better\nunderstood and adapted, typical design phasing may\ngive way to new definitions of design deliverables and\nproject sequencing and phasing.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-596df2b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"596df2b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDesign-Build\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf8fc2f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cf8fc2f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis delivery method provides the owner a single-point responsibility for both design\nand construction. The design-build method sprang from clients\u2019 growing dissatisfaction\nwith the inherent tensions and confl icts of delivery approaches that place architects\nand contractors in adversarial roles. Under design-build, a single contract is\nestablished between the owner and the design-build entity having both design and\nconstruction capabilities. Typically, that entity is a contractor with the architect as a\nsubconsultant for design services. This contract typically\nincludes a fi xed price for both design services and construction\ncost. Design-build approaches require an explicit\ndetermination of the roles and responsibilities of the\ndesign-build team.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed1f8ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed1f8ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAn interesting issue in design-build projects is the\nmechanism by which the owner establishes and enforces\nthe performance and quality parameters of the project, a\nrole typically assumed by the architect as an agent for the\nowner separate from the contractor. A variation on the\nconsolidated approach of design-build is \u201cbridged designbuild,\u201d\nwhich is derived from project teams that include\nboth a design architect (who establishes the design concept)\nand a production architect (who determines technical\ncriteria and generates the construction contract documents).\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-605c9d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"605c9d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThese two architects work in concert to develop and\nexecute the design, as follows. The fi rst is a design\narchitect who prepares a preliminary design for a\nbuilding and establishes, typically through a performance\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-85b347d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"85b347d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-69910e1\" data-id=\"69910e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-26e4859 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"26e4859\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06.png\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"DRAWINGS 9.1-06\" e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjA2ODgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9mdXR1cmVjaXR5LmlyXC9wdWJsaWNfaHRtbFwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNFwvMTJcL0RSQVdJTkdTLTkuMS0wNi5wbmcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"3509\" height=\"2481\" src=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06.png 3509w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06-1024x724.png 1024w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06-768x543.png 768w, https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/DRAWINGS-9.1-06-1536x1086.png 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 3509px) 100vw, 3509px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfd6730 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cfd6730\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFIGURE 9.3 Sequences and Key Decisions by Project Delivery Method\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-af1b77b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"af1b77b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f86963\" data-id=\"4f86963\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-797ed77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"797ed77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tspecifi cation, detailed criteria to which the ultimate design must conform. The\ncompleted design concept and criteria package (typically based on design\ndevelopment drawings and specifi cations) are then issued to design-build teams\nthat offer both technical architectural and construction capabilities who bid on\nthe work.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f794e2d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f794e2d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe \u201cbridge\u201d between concept and technical design is the juncture at which\ndesign-build teams bid on a project, and a team is selected based on the consolidated\ncosts of technical documents and construction. The design architect remains in an\nadvisory role to the owner, reviewing and critiquing the evolving design and construction\nbased on the design and criteria package. The technical architect who is part of\nthe design-build team provides detailed technical documentation for construction.\nThis approach takes maximum advantage of a traditional architect-owner relationship\nwith the participation of the design architect and simplifi es the contractual responsibilities\nof the design-build approach. It might not be suited, however, to projects that\nrequire extensive interaction between the architect and owner during the entire design\nand construction process, since a portion of the design team is contractually tied to the\nbuilding contractor.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67527ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"67527ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOTHER DELIVERY MODELS\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d025a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d025a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn Great Britain, consolidated design, construction, development, and building operation\nteams compete to deliver and operate completed buildings for extended periods\nas long as 50 years. The architect is one member of such teams. Owners pay a yearly\nfee in exchange for the use of these buildings. Many health care projects in the\nUnited Kingdom are using this model, notably when the government\u2019s Health Services\ndoes not wish to spend capital on building construction and operation. The\nbuild-operate-transfer model in Canada is a similar model. In the United States, developers\nare creating \u201clease-leaseback\u201d arrangements, where projects are delivered for\na client by a third party and then leased back to the client for a set period, with\nownership reverting to the original client after an extended period, often 99 years.\nThere are other variations on private-fi nance schemes, where private funds for construction\nof private projects have evolved as alternative fi nancing strategies for projects;\nsuch schemes are sometimes, but not always, accompanied by consolidated\ndesign-deliver-operate project teams.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d07a9ee elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d07a9ee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Design Assist<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f295bde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f295bde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe increasing technical complexity of many projects, particularly those with highperformance\nenclosure or mechanical systems, demands the early involvement of key\nsubcontractors and fabricators during the design phase. A new model called \u201cdesign\nassist\u201d has evolved accordingly, in which shop drawings generated by these subcontractors\nare incorporated directly in the architect\u2019s construction documents, and the architect\nis not required to document those systems as traditional \u201cdesign intent\u201d deliverables.\nThis model purportedly creates more accurate and effi cient working drawings, as well\nas improved cost control and construction operations.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-50486c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"50486c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Project Alliance Models<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f5eb156 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f5eb156\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe internal capabilities of a client organization can signifi cantly affect the roles the\nclient, architect, and general contractor play. The degree to which design, documentation,\nconstruction administration, and management are outsourced, as well as the relative\nimportance that each team member plays, frequently depends on the strengths,\nweaknesses, and preconceived notions of the owner. Owners may have substantial construction\nexperience and in-house capabilities to understand and participate in a\nproject, or may be embarking on their very fi rst project as a client. Their preconceived\nnotions may also affect the roles and responsibilities of the project participants. Each\nhas a different relationship to delivery approach.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe59f8b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fe59f8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Project Team Capabilities<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2649d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c2649d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIn Australia, the industry is experimenting with a radical delivery model called Project\nAlliance in which the entire project team\u2014designers, contractors, and subcontractors\u2014\nare bound together in a single contract that holds each jointly responsible for the\nproject and rewards all for its success. Of interest in the Alliance model is the requirement\nthat each project member fully support the efforts of the other, since their fi nancial\nsuccess is tied to mutual cooperation. The owner in these projects establishes\nmeasurements of this success\u2014budget, cost, or quality, for example\u2014and rewards the\nentire team based on how well these aims are achieved. Principles of Project Alliance\nhave strongly infl uenced the development of Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) here\nin the United States.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27ff8c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"27ff8c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>CONCLUSION<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5dc886 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d5dc886\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLike many professionals anticipating the challenges of practice today, architects face\nincreasingly complex decisions that drive the very basis of how projects will be designed\nand built. Advising owners intelligently about delivery options requires an understanding\nof the players in the building process and their roles, the key variables that affect\nthe choice of delivery method, and, fi nally, the range of choices available in the current\ndesign and construction marketplace.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f9774fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f9774fa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe other articles in this chapter illuminate in detail the methods of project delivery\nin common use as of 2012, and methods that are emerging as more frequent\nchoices by owners, architects, and contractors. These include construction management, integrated project delivery, design-build\u2014both architect- and contractor-\nled\u2014and architect as developer.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0957423 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0957423\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA new generation of delivery models based on principles of integration is coming\ninto view. To maintain a central role in the building enterprise, architects must\nstrive to understand, master, participate in fully, and, when necessary, invent such\nmethods. The chapter concludes with an article detailing these emerging trends\nand methods.\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-150c765 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"150c765\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;,&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4b5142a\" data-id=\"4b5142a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div 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um-field-type_text\" data-key=\"first_name\"><div class=\"um-field-label\"><label for=\"first_name-15253\">Full-Name<\/label><div class=\"um-clear\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"um-field-area\"><input  autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"um-form-field valid \" type=\"text\" name=\"first_name-15253\" id=\"first_name-15253\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" data-validate=\"\" data-key=\"first_name\" \/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><div  id=\"um_field_15253_user_email\" class=\"um-field um-field-text  um-field-user_email um-field-text um-field-type_text\" data-key=\"user_email\"><div class=\"um-field-label\"><label for=\"user_email-15253\">E-mail<\/label><div class=\"um-clear\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"um-field-area\"><input  autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"um-form-field valid \" type=\"text\" name=\"user_email-15253\" id=\"user_email-15253\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" data-validate=\"unique_email\" data-key=\"user_email\" \/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><div  id=\"um_field_15253_mobile_number\" class=\"um-field um-field-text  um-field-mobile_number um-field-text um-field-type_text\" data-key=\"mobile_number\"><div class=\"um-field-label\"><label for=\"mobile_number-15253\">Phone-number<\/label><div class=\"um-clear\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"um-field-area\"><input  autocomplete=\"off\" class=\"um-form-field valid \" type=\"text\" name=\"mobile_number-15253\" id=\"mobile_number-15253\" value=\"\" placeholder=\"\" data-validate=\"phone_number\" data-key=\"mobile_number\" \/>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form_id\" id=\"form_id_15253\" value=\"15253\" \/>\r\n\t\r\n\t<p class=\"um_request_name\">\r\n\t\t<label for=\"um_request_15253\">Only fill in if you are not human<\/label>\r\n\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"um_request\" id=\"um_request_15253\" class=\"input\" value=\"\" size=\"25\" autocomplete=\"off\" \/>\r\n\t<\/p>\r\n\r\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_wpnonce\" name=\"_wpnonce\" value=\"31d4cd3dc4\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20656\" \/>\r\n\t<div class=\"um-col-alt\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t\t<div class=\"um-center\">\r\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Sign Up\" class=\"um-button\" id=\"um-submit-btn\" \/>\r\n\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\r\n\t\t<div class=\"um-clear\"><\/div>\r\n\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\r\n\t\t<\/form>\r\n\r\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">\r\n.um-15253.um {\r\n\tmax-width: 450px;\r\n}<\/style>\r\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d52f5d7\" data-id=\"d52f5d7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d81c217 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d81c217\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/about-us\/?lang=en\">About Us<\/a><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0b642c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0b642c0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/our-team\/?lang=en\">Team<\/a><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1eb742 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c1eb742\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/feed-2\/?lang=en\">Feed<\/a><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec9420 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cec9420\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/join-us\/?lang=en\">Join Us<\/a><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d49495b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d49495b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/\">Fa<\/a><\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21417a7 elementor-shape-circle elementor-grid-5 soc e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons\" data-id=\"21417a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"social-icons.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.6.7 - 03-07-2022 *\/\n.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-mobile-0 .elementor-widget-container,.elementor-widget-social-icons.elementor-grid-tablet-0 .elementor-widget-container{line-height:1;font-size:0}.elementor-widget-social-icons:not(.elementor-grid-0):not(.elementor-grid-tablet-0):not(.elementor-grid-mobile-0) .elementor-grid{display:inline-grid}.elementor-widget-social-icons 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.elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:10%}.elementor-shape-circle .elementor-icon.elementor-social-icon{border-radius:50%}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-adcc4ad\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/accounts\/login\/?next=\/futurecity.ir\/\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Instagram<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-instagram\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-linkedin elementor-repeater-item-07383d5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/future-city-innovation-lab\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Linkedin<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-3ad92d2\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/futurecity_ir\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Twitter<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-twitter\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-98976f4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCvjg4NS2pI3RmffbyVWnvqw\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Youtube<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fab fa-youtube\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-grid-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon- elementor-repeater-item-30087a4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.aparat.com\/futurecity.ir\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" id=\"f87788e4-0f55-4978-80d3-17ace6614bb0\" data-name=\"Layer 1\" viewBox=\"0 0 263.87 262.69\"><title>aparat-1<\/title><path d=\"M543.37,303.82c-.7,64.45-52.7,115.19-117.62,114.75A116,116,0,0,1,310,301.76C310.15,236,363.4,184,429.38,185.27,493.76,186.49,544.07,238.82,543.37,303.82ZM391.55,217.07c-17.44,3.59-30.63,13.61-30.11,33C362,270.61,374.86,283,396,281.56c19.47-1.27,30.46-13.88,29.38-33.34S411.59,219.08,391.55,217.07ZM492.72,354.79c-2.13-19.68-12-32.05-32.11-32.26-20-.21-31.93,11.08-32.16,31.09s11.78,31.95,31.29,32.33C479.45,386.33,489.92,373.8,492.72,354.79Zm17.22-88.09c-2.77-18.45-11.45-31.38-31.59-32.24S446,245.62,445,264.05c-1.18,20.28,11.23,33.75,32.29,34C497,298.3,506.52,285.13,509.94,266.7ZM409.72,338.4c-2.84-18.44-12.13-31.91-31.58-32.49-21-.64-33.5,12.15-33.23,32.79.25,19.1,12.18,30.8,31.95,30.77S406.13,356.7,409.72,338.4Z\" transform=\"translate(-295.4 -171.5)\"><\/path><path d=\"M507.88,204.35c50,9.4,59.38,25.39,45.7,72.51C541.88,250.89,532,226.57,507.88,204.35Z\" transform=\"translate(-295.4 -171.5)\"><\/path><path d=\"M451.61,427.41c27.65-7.87,50.07-20.89,69.79-41C519.94,430.7,497.85,443.76,451.61,427.41Z\" transform=\"translate(-295.4 -171.5)\"><\/path><path d=\"M343.63,398.33c-46.11-7.55-54.61-21.14-44.33-67.13C311.56,355.62,320.48,379.06,343.63,398.33Z\" transform=\"translate(-295.4 -171.5)\"><\/path><path d=\"M395.77,175.41c-23.37,9.53-44.79,21.73-63.5,40.26C334.57,174.45,349,165,395.77,175.41Z\" transform=\"translate(-295.4 -171.5)\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PROJECT DELIVERY PROJECT DELIVERY PROJECT DELIVERY Architecture is a project-based endeavor, and architectural practice centers on project delivery. Project delivery methods change in response to economic trends, environmental concerns, and technological advances. Skill in project management and leadership increases in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20656","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20656"}],"version-history":[{"count":24,"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20656\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20697,"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20656\/revisions\/20697"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/futurecity.ir\/public_html\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}